抽象的

New developments in the diagnosis and management of overactive bladder

Jonathan Paul Williams and Hashim Hashim*

Overactive bladder syndrome is a common, debilitating condition that significantly affects quality of life. Urodynamic investigation is expensive, invasive and associated with a risk of urinary tract infection. A number of alternative diagnostic tools have been proposed, which may play an important role in the diagnosis overactive bladder in the future. Promising new treatments in those who do not respond to lifestyle modification or anticholinergic therapy include b-adrenergic agonists and transdermal neuromodulation.