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Latest advances in cone-beam CT for bladder radiotherapy

Victoria A Harris, Fiona MA McDonald and Robert Huddart

Bladder cancer is a common disease that can be effectively treated using radiotherapy. However, accuracy of radiotherapy is limited by movement of the bladder both between and during radiotherapy fractions due to filling and external factors. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) allows bladder size and shape to be analyzed immediately prior to treatment to ensure it is accurately encompassed within the radiotherapy treatment field by moving the treatment couch. CBCT has also allowed development of adaptive radiotherapy techniques that adjust the radiotherapy plan to account for changes in bladder filling and position, enabling maintenance of tumor coverage while minimizing radiation to nearby normal tissues. In this article, we explore the use of CBCT and how it has enabled the development of these advanced radiotherapy techniques.