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An overview of non-insulin adjunctive therapies for Type 1 diabetes

Chitrabhanu Ballav & Stephen C L Gough

Most people with Type 1 diabetes are managed by insulin injections, with many not achieving glycemic targets, placing them at an increased risk of complications. The reasons behind suboptimal control are numerous but include limitations of insulin therapy. People with Type 1 diabetes may have residual β-cell function for many years after diagnosis. Almost all have inappropriate glucagon release contributing to poor glycemic control. Agents that preserve or enhance β-cell function along with therapies that improve α-cell function, glucagon regulation and insulin sensitivity are currently being actively evaluated. This review focuses on agents that in combination with insulin are likely to have a beneficial role in the prevention and progression of Type 1 diabetes and the optimization of medical care.